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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">As far as I know, Bookmarks are still “optional” in terms of whether they get added to a document or not. They were in ISO 32000-1:2008 (PDF).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">I just looked at ISO 23000-2:2020 and Bookmarks are only referenced in terms of being the outline of the document. It is the same with ISO 14289-2:2024 – Bookmarks
are only referenced a couple of times and only to state that the outline is often referred to as Bookmarks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">This may explain why JAWS 2026 keeps identifying my Headings as Bookmarks which is annoying!!!!!! I can’t find a way to turn this off.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">For both PDF standards, it is up to the PDF Viewer/Editor developers to “interpret” and “implement” the standards.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">Good luck to us all!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864">Cheers, Karen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Serif",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none"> athen-list <athen-list-bounces@mailman22.u.washington.edu>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Deborah Armstrong via athen-list<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 9, 2026 10:15 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <athen-list@u.washington.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Athen] Preserving bookmarks in PDFS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The input is an OER textbook which is a fairly accessible PDF. It has headings, and seems well tagged/marked up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">But the student wants to use a browser which makes book navigation much easier than adobe reader.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">However the bookmarks in the PDF don’t translate. If you open the PDF in a browser, there are no headings. If you open it in a conversion program, the bookmarks are known but converting to HTML looses them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I’ve seen this with a couple of OER textbooks when they are requested by a screen reader user. And as a screen reader user myself, I’ve confirmed the behavior.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Students with other print impairments don’t seem to have trouble with the files. K3000 and Adobe Reader of course see the bookmarks. K1000 does as well, but most students don’t have that at home, and when
K1000 converts to HTML, it also looses the bookmarks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">It’s too bad that K1000 cannot be used by a student at home with a license that lasts for the quarter or semester.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">What I really want to do is simply convert the PDF to html and have all that markup preserved.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Any thoughts?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">--Debee<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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